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        CALL.OUT (V) The following is an excerpt from the Ancient Hebrew Research Center Website. This verb is derived from the parent root   . The first letter is the (quph - Q) and is a picture of the rising or setting sun at the horizon meaning to come together, or gather, from the gathering of the light at the horizon. The second letter, (resh- R), is the picture of the head of a man. Combined, these two letters form the word QaR, a gathering of men, and means to meet or call out. CAMP (V) The following is an excerpt from the book The Living Words. A nomadic camp might have as many as fifty tents, all members of the extended family and their servants. This was "home," a place of serenity, beauty, love, compassion and protection. These descriptions are the meaning behind חן hhen [H:2580]. A very common style of writing found in the Bible, especially in Psalms and Proverbs, is a form of poetry called parallelism where the writer expresses one idea in two or more different ways using synonyms. When doing Hebrew word studies, this is very beneficial, as the synonyms of the word you are studying will help to define that word. Here are a few examples where we will see the word חן hhen [H:2580] being paralleled with some of the descriptions provided in the paragraph above. The underlined words are also parallels. She will give to your head a wreath of hhen, a crown of splendor she will deliver to you. Proverbs 4:9 The doe is loving and the female goat is hhen... Proverbs 5:19 Hhen is a deception and beauty is a vapor... Proverbs 31:30 When reading an English translation of the Bible, an English dictionary is somewhat useless. Instead, one needs to examine the Hebrew word behind the English to find the real meaning of the word. The same is true for the Greek translation of the New Testament. When working with words in the Greek New Testament, we need to find the Hebrew word behind the Greek and take our definitions from it. A common New Testament word is carij hharis [G:5485] and while this word is usually translated as "grace," such as in "unmerited favor," we need to take our definition from the Hebrew which is the word hhen. And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace (hharis) of God was upon him. Luke 2:40 (KJV) A more Hebraic view of this verse is the child grew in the "beauty of God," he received love, compassion and protection from God. Derived from the parent root חן hhen [H:2580] is the verbal root חנן hhanan [H:2603] with the same meaning as hhen. Another verbal root derived from hhen is חנה hhanah [H:2583] meaning "to camp" or "encamp" and its noun מחנה mahhaneh [H:4264] meaning "camp." The verb hhanah and the noun mahhaneh can be found in the following verse. And the sons of Israel encamped (hhanah) each to his camp (mahhaneh) and each to his standard, to their army. Numbers 1:52 CAMPSITE The following is an excerpt from the book The Living Words. A nomadic camp might have as many as fifty tents, all members of the extended family and their servants. This was "home," a place of serenity, beauty, love, compassion and protection. These descriptions are the meaning behind חן hhen [H:2580]. A very common style of writing found in the Bible, especially in Psalms and Proverbs, is a form of poetry called parallelism where the writer expresses one idea in two or more different ways using synonyms. When doing Hebrew word studies, this is very beneficial, as the synonyms of the word you are studying will help to define that word. Here are a few examples where we will see the word חן hhen [H:2580] being paralleled with some of the descriptions provided in the paragraph above. The underlined words are also parallels. She will give to your head a wreath of hhen, a crown of splendor she will deliver to you. Proverbs 4:9 The doe is loving and the female goat is hhen... Proverbs 5:19 Hhen is a deception and beauty is a vapor... Proverbs 31:30 When reading an English translation of the Bible, an English dictionary is somewhat useless. Instead, one needs to examine the Hebrew word behind the English to find the real meaning of the word. The same is true for the Greek translation of the New Testament. When working with words in the Greek New Testament, we need to find the Hebrew word behind the Greek and take our definitions from it. A common New Testament word is carij hharis [G:5485] and while this word is usually translated as "grace," such as in "unmerited favor," we need to take our definition from the Hebrew which is the word hhen. And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace (hharis) of God was upon him. Luke 2:40 (KJV) A more Hebraic view of this verse is the child grew in the "beauty of God," he received love, compassion and protection from God. Derived from the parent root חן hhen [H:2580] is the verbal root חנן hhanan [H:2603] with the same meaning as hhen. Another verbal root derived from hhen is חנה hhanah [H:2583] meaning "to camp" or "encamp" and its noun מחנה mahhaneh [H:4264] meaning "camp." The verb hhanah and the noun mahhaneh can be found in the following verse. And the sons of Israel encamped (hhanah) each to his camp (mahhaneh) and each to his standard, to their army. Numbers 1:52 CEASE (V) The following is an excerpt from the book The Living Words. Six days you will serve (avad) and do all your business (melakah). Exodus 20:9 In this verse are the two words we have just reviewed, עבד avad [H:5647], meaning serve, and מל אכה melakhah [H:4399], meaning business. Just as God did his business in six days, he directs Israel to do the same. But the seventh day is the shabbat of Yahweh your Elohiym, you will not do any business... Exodus 20:10 The word שבת shabbat [H:7676] is always transliterated as "sabbath" and most assume it is simply a name for the day of the week and are unaware this word has a meaning. It is derived from the verb שבת shavat [H:7673] meaning "to cease or stop." The noun shabbat is a time of ceasing and, as stated in the above verse, the seventh day is a time for ceasing business. This verse also states it is the "shabbat of Yahweh Elohiym" in reference to Genesis 2:2. And Elohiym finished his business which he did on the seventh day and he ceased (shavat) in the seventh day from all his business which he did. The word "ceased" in this passage is the verb shavat, the root of the word shabbat. We previously studied the Hebrew verb שוב shuv [H:7725], meaning "to turn." The parent root to this word is שב shav and would have been written as   in the ancient pictographic script. The , a picture of teeth, represents the idea of pressing as when pressing on food with the teeth when chewing. The is, as we have previously examined, a picture of the nomadic tent. When combined, these mean to "press to the tent/house" or "return." This parent root is also the root of the word שבת shabbat [H:7676] with the letter ת. This letter is written as  in the pictographic script and represents a sign or mark as well as a covenant.Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant. It is a sign between me and the children of Israel for ever: for in six days Jehovah made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day he rested, and was refreshed. Exodus 31:16,17 (ASV) On the seventh day, Israel "returns ( ) to the covenant ()."CLAN The following is an excerpt from the book The Living Words. The word משפחה mishpahhah [H:4940], meaning family comes from the root שפח shaphahh, meaning "to join." The family is a group joined together where each role in the family serves a specific function to keep the family joined together. Each Hebrew word used for the different members of the family provides insight into their specific roles. COME (V) The following is an excerpt from the Ancient Hebrew Research Center Website. The verb בוא (bo, Strong's #935) is a good example to demonstrate the vast difference between Hebrew and English. In the examples below are two different English words with opposite meanings.
The English verb "go" generally means, to move from a position nearby to a position far away, while the verb "come" means, to move from a far position to a position nearby. An example would be, "I will go to the store then I will come home." The context of this phrase implies that I am making the statement from home about leaving home for the store and then returning home. In the two verses above, the one Hebrew verb בוא is being translated into two different English words in order to translate the context of its use. The verb בוא does not mean "come" or "go" in the sense of direction but to "enter a void in order to fill it" in the sense of purpose. Because there is no English word with this meaning the words "go" and "come" are used instead, but unfortunately this erases the more Hebraic meaning behind the word. COMPANY The following is an excerpt from the Ancient Hebrew Research Center Website. The word Congregation appears 331 times in the King James Bible, but this word is used to translate three different Hebrew words; עדה (eydah, Strong's #5712), מועד (mo’eyd, Strong's #4150) and קהל (qahal, Strong's #6951). The word עדה (eydah) is the feminine form of the noun עד (eyd, Strong's #5707) meaning "testimony" or "witness." A עדה (eydah) is a group of persons or things that are gathered for carrying on a project or undertaking; a group with a common testimony. The word מועד (mo’eyd) is derived out of the verbal root יעד (Y.Ah.D, Strong's #5707) meaning to "appoint," in the sense of arranging, fixing or setting in place. This root is also derived out of the noun עד (eyd, Strong's #5707) meaning "testimony" or "witness." The word מועד (mo’eyd) is an appointed place or time. The word קהל (qahal) is a large group gathered to one place, as a gathering of the flock of sheep to the shepherd. This noun is derived from the verbal root קהל (Q.H.L, Strong's #6950) meaning to gather or round-up a flock or group of people. COMPLETENESS The following is an excerpt from the book The Living Words. When we hear the word peace, we usually associate this with an absence of war or strife, but as is the case with a lot of English translations of Hebrew words, this association does not adequately define this Hebrew word. The Hebrew word often translated as peace is של ום shalom [H:7965] which is derived from the verbal root של ם shalam [H:7999]. By looking at the context of this word as it is used in the Biblical text, we can get a better understanding of its meaning. And if one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it; and the dead ox also they shall divide. Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay (shalam) ox for ox; and the dead shall be his own. Exodus 21:35,36 (KJV) In this passage the verb shalam is translated as "pay" in the context of "replacing" or "restoring" one dead ox for the equivalent price of a live one due to negligence. The verb shalam literally means "to make whole." Once the owner of the ox loses his ox, he is no longer whole or complete. But, when the owner of the violent ox "replaces" the ox, the original owner is "restored" or "made whole." The noun של ום shalom [H:7965] has the same basic meaning as can be seen in the following verse. And they answered, Thy servant our father is in good health (shalom), he is yet alive... Genesis 43:28 (KJV) In this passage shalom is translated as "good health" in the sense of being whole and complete. In Genesis 43:23 we find the greeting של ום ל כם shalom lekhem, usually translated as "peace to you" but more literally means, "May you be whole and complete in health and prosperity." Yeshua used this same greeting when he met with his disciples after his resurrection (Luke 24:36 and John 20:19). This same greeting is used in modern Hebrew as well. Another form of greeting in modern Hebrew is מה של ומך mah sh’lom’kha. This Hebrew phrase translates into English as "how are you" but more literally means "what is your wholeness." The next time you greet others with shalom alekha or mah shlom’cka recognize that you are not just saying "peace" or "hello" or "how are you," you are wishing complete wholeness on that person. Pray for the peace (shalom) of Jerusalem: they shall prosper that love thee. Psalm 122:6 (KJV) The phrase "pray for the peace of Jerusalem," shalu shalom yerushalam in Hebrew, is not speaking about an absence of war (though that is part of the meaning of shalom), but that Jerusalem, and by extension all of Israel, be complete and whole, having all they need to be the nation God desired them to be. This goes far beyond the idea of the English word "peace." This Hebraic meaning of the word shalom sheds some light on a passage that has confused many scholars. And if the house be worthy, let your peace (eirene/shalom) come upon it: but if it be not worthy, let your peace (eirene/shalom) return to you. Matthew 10:13 (KJV) The Greek word eirene [G:1515], used in the passage above for "peace," is an abstract word. Peace, from a Greek or English perspective, cannot come, go, or return. However, by using the concrete meaning of the Hebrew definition of this word, the confusion is removed. The wholeness of a person, their shalom, can refer to their well being but can also refer to much more, including their possessions, resources, teachings, and companionship. In a very literal way, the wholeness of a person can enter a house as well as leave it. The following is an excerpt from the book Ancient Hebrew Dictionary. When we hear the word peace, which this word is usually translated as, we usually associate this to mean an absence of war or strife. However, the Hebrew word shalom has a very different meaning. The verb form of the root word is shalam and is usually used in the context of making restitution. When a person has caused another to become deficient in some way, such as a loss of livestock, it is the responsibility of the person who created the deficiency to restore what has been taken, lost or stolen. The verb shalam literally means to make whole or complete. The noun shalom has the more literal meaning of being in a state of wholeness, or being without deficiency. The Biblical phrase "shalu shalom yerushalayim" (pray for the peace of Jerusalem) is not speaking about an absence of war (though that is part of it), but that Jerusalem, and by extension all of Israel, be complete and whole and goes far beyond the idea of "peace". COPPER The following is an excerpt from the Ancient Hebrew Research Center Website. The Hebrew word nehhoshet is translated as copper one time (Ezra 8:27) in the King James Version. Copper is a pure mineral meaning that it is not mixed with any other minerals. The King James Version translates this same word as brass one hundred and three times. Brass is an alloy (mixture) of copper and nickel (another pure mineral). Other translations translate nehhoshet as brass or bronze. Bronze is alloy of copper and tin (another pure mineral). It would appear that the translators are not certain of the meaning of the word nehhoshet as no consensus can be made on how to translate this word. Jewish Hebrew dictionaries and Jewish translations of the Bible always translate this word as "copper." Why would Christian translations and dictionaries commonly translate nehhoshet as brass or bronze while Jewish dictionaries and translations use "copper?" Which is more accurate? At first glance it may seem like an insignificant problem but on further examination it becomes evident that a proper translation is essential. In Leviticus 19:19 we find three commands; 1. You shall not let your cattle breed with a different kind 2. you shall not sow your field with two kinds of seed 3. nor shall there come upon you a garment of cloth made of two kinds of stuff Throughout the Torah God is demonstrating that mixtures are not appropriate. This would especially hold true for the items in the tabernacle. The altar was made of acacia wood and overlaid with nehhoshet. Is this nehhoshet brass, bronze or copper? Both brass and bronze are alloys, mixtures of pure minerals, only copper is a pure mineral. Would God call for an alloy, a mixture of different "pure" metals such as brass or bronze in the tabernacle? I doubt it. Copper is the meaning of nehhoshet so whenever you see the word brass or bronze in your English translation make a mental note that this should be copper. Name of the Month – Ishma’el This name is composed of three parts - י (yi), שמע (sh'ma) and אל (el). The word שמע (sh'ma) is a verb literally meaning to listen but can also mean to obey or more correctly to respond. This word is the title of the "sh'ma," the Jewish affirmation of faith as found in Deuteronomy 6:4 states "sh'ma yisrael YHWH eloheynu YHWH echad" or as it is normally translated "Hear, O, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one." The use of the word sh'ma in this verse is stating "hear and respond" to Yahweh. When the letter י (yi) is prefixed to a verb, it identifies the subject of the verb as the third person, masculine and singular or "he." Therefore, the phrase ישמע (yishma) would mean "he listens." The final word is אל (el) meaning "mighty one" or as it is usually translated "God." In Hebrew sentence structure the noun following the verb is the subject of the verb or in this case the "he" of "he listens." When these three components are combined into the sentence אל ישמע (yishma el) the sentence means "God listens." " COVENANT The following is an excerpt from the book The Living Words. While the Hebrew word ברית beriyt [H:1285] means ""covenant,"" the roots of the word and its cultural background are helpful in understanding its fuller meaning. This word comes from the root ברה barah [H:1262] meaning ""to select the choicest meat."" This meaning is also found in other nouns derived from this root. The word ברית barut [H:1267] means ""meat"" and ברי beriy [H:1274] means ""fat"" in the sense of choicest. The word ברית beriyt [H:1285] is literally the choicest, fattest, animal that is slaughtered for the covenant ceremony. Now therefore come thou, let us make a covenant (beriyt), I and thou; and let it be for a witness between me and thee. Genesis 31:44 (KJV) The phrase ""make a covenant"" is found thirteen times in the Hebrew Bible where the word ""make"" is the Hebrew word ברת karat [H:3772] meaning ""to cut."" Literally, the phrase ""make a covenant"" means, ""cut the choice pieces of meat."" When a covenant is made, the fattened animal is cut into two pieces and laid out on the ground; each party of the covenant then passes through the pieces. This symbolic act signifies to both parties that if one of the parties fails to meet the agreement, then the other has the right to do to the other what they did to the animal. And I will give the men that have transgressed my covenant, which have not performed the words of the covenant which they had made before me, when they cut the calf in twain, and passed between the parts thereof, The princes of Judah, and the princes of Jerusalem, the eunuchs, and the priests, and all the people of the land, which passed between the parts of the calf; I will even give them into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of them that seek their life: and their dead bodies shall be for meat unto the fowls of the heaven, and to the beasts of the earth. Jeremiah 34:18-20 (KJV) While the nation of Israel was encamped at Mount Sinai, God entered a covenant with them wherein Israel promised to obey the commands of God and God promised to protect and watch over Israel. Countless times over the years following the institution of this covenant, Israel failed to abide by the covenantal agreement. Just as the animal of the sacrifice was cut in two pieces, Israel was also cut in two for their unfaithfulness to the covenant by being cut into two nations—Israel and Judah. The following is an excerpt from the book Ancient Hebrew Dictionary. While the Hebrew word beriyt means ""covenant"" the cultural background of the word is helpful in understanding its full meaning. Beriyt comes from the parent root word bar meaning grain. Grains were fed to livestock to fatten them up to prepare them for the slaughter. Two other Hebrew words related to beriyt and also derived from the parent root bar can help understand the meaning of beriyt. The word beriy means fat and barut means meat. Notice the common theme with bar, beriy and barut, they all have to do with the slaughtering of livestock. The word beriyt is literally the animal that is slaughtered for the covenant ceremony. The phrase ""make a covenant"" is found thirteen times in the Hebrew Bible. In the Hebrew text this phrase is ""karat beriyt"". The word karat literally means ""to cut"". When a covenant is made a fattened animal is cut into pieces and laid out on the ground. Each party of the covenant then passes through the pieces signifying that if one of the parties fails to meet the agreement then the other has the right to do to the other what they did to the animal (see Genesis 15:10 and Jeremiah 34:18-20). The following is an excerpt from the book His Name is One. The Hebrew word for a ""covenant"" is ברית (beriyt) from the parent root בר (bar) meaning grain. The grain is fed to the livestock for fattening. These fat animas were then used for sacrifices. Whenever a covenant was entered into, such as between a king and his people, a fatted animal was cut into two pieces. The blood was then sprinkled on the parties of the covenant. Where the English phrase ""made a covenant"" appears, we find the Hebrew phrase כרת ברית (karat beriyt) behind it. This phrase is literally translated as ""cut the fatted meat"". Essentially the two members of the covenant are saying by this cutting ""if I break this covenant you may do the same to me"", as can be seen in the following passage. ""The men who violated my covenant, who did not lift up my words of the covenant which they cut before me, I will make them like the calf that they cut into two and passed between"" (Jeremiah 34:18). Throughout the Bible we see God as the king, making covenant with his people. In these covenants both parties agree to the terms of the covenant. In the case of the covenant God makes with Israel at Mount Sinai, God promises to provide for them as a good king, while the people agree to obey the laws of the king. " COVER (V) The following is an excerpt from the Ancient Hebrew Research Center Website. The Hebrew word kaphar means "to cover over" such as a lid and is the word for the lid of the ark of the covenant (though many translations translate this as mercy seat for no etymological reason). This word is translated as pitch which was spread over the ark in order to make it water tight (Genesis 6:14) This same word is also translated as a atonement. The word atonement is an abstract but in order to understand the true Hebrew meaning of a word we must look to the concrete meaning. If an offense has been made the one that has been offended can act as though the offense is covered over and unseen. We express this idea through the word of forgiveness. Atonement is an outward action that covers over the error. |