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The Ugarit Alphabet
By Jeff A. Benner

Ugarit Alphabetic Tablet

The above Ugarit inscription is an Alphabet Chart showing all of the Ugarit letters in order (Ugarit is read from left to right). Not only is this helpful in knowing the actual Ugarit alphabet but also shows that the modern order of the Hebrew alphabet has not changed. There are eight additional letters in the Ugarit alphabet that are not in the Hebrew alphabet, two of which are vowels. It may be possible that these were originally in the Hebrew alphabet but were later dropped (not an uncommon occurence in the evolution of alphabets around the world). The tablet is missing three letters, the 13th, 14th and 25th letters, and may be broken off the right end of the tablet.

When comparing the pictographic Hebrew script with the Ugarit cuneiform, we find that several of them are virtually identical supporting the idea that this cuneiform was derived out of the older pictographic script. Below are a some examples of the similarities.


Beyt
Hebrew Beyt Ugarit Beyt
Dalet
Hebrew Dalet Ugarit Dalet
upside down
Hey
Hebrew Hey Ugarit Hey
side ways

Vav
Hebrew Vav Ugarit Vav
side ways
Kaph
Hebrew Kaph Ugarit Kaph
side ways
Nun
Hebrew Nun Ugarit Nun
side ways

Samech
Hebrew Samech Ugarit Samech
Quph
Hebrew Quph Ugarit Quph
Resh
Hebrew Resh Ugarit Resh
side ways


Hebrew/Ugarit Alphabet Chart


Name Pictographic
Hebrew
Ugarit
Cuneiform
Ugarit
Sound
Aleph a
Beyt b
Gimel g
j
Dalet d
Hey h
Vav w
Zayin z
Chet ch
Tet t
Yud y
Kaph k
s
Lamed l
Mem m
d
Nun n
z
Samech s
Ayin gh
Pey p
Tsade ts
Quph q
Resh r
Shin sh
Ghah g
Tav t
i, e
o, u
s



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